Izinto eziyisikhombisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zePlastiki Raw, i-PVC empeleni ibekwe kuqala!

Uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi nezinto zensimbi, izici eziyinhloko zamapulasitiki yilezi:

1, izindleko ziphansi, zingasetshenziswa kabusha ngaphandle kokubulala amagciwane, zilungele ukusetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni imishini yezokwelapha elahlwayo;

2, ukucutshungulwa kulula, ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki yayo kungacutshungulwa kube yizinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo eziwusizo, futhi insimbi nengilazi kunzima ukwenza isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi semikhiqizo;

3, iqinile, inwebeka, akulula ukuphuka njengengilazi;

4, enokungangeni kahle kwamakhemikhali nokuphepha kwebhayoloji.

Lezi zinzuzo zokusebenza zenza amapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabanzi kumishini yezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polyethylene (PE), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polystyrene (PS), i-polycarbonate (PC), i-ABS, i-polyurethane, i-polyamide, i-thermoplastic elastomers, i-polysulfone kanye i-polyether ether ketone.Ukuxuba kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwamapulasitiki, ukuze kubonakale ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwama-resin ahlukene, njenge-polycarbonate/ABS, i-polypropylene/elastomer blending modification.

Ngenxa yokuxhumana nomuthi owuketshezi noma ukuthintana nomzimba womuntu, izidingo eziyisisekelo zamapulasitiki ezokwelapha ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-biosafety.Ngamafuphi, izingxenye zezinto zepulasitiki azikwazi ukushona emuthini owuketshezi noma emzimbeni womuntu, ngeke zibangele ubuthi nokulimala kwezicubu nezitho zomzimba, futhi azinabuthi futhi azinangozi emzimbeni womuntu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-biosafety yamapulasitiki ezokwelapha, amapulasitiki ezokwelapha ngokuvamile athengiswa emakethe ayagunyazwa futhi ahlolwe iziphathimandla zezokwelapha, futhi abasebenzisi baziswa ngokucacile ukuthi yimaphi amamaki ayibanga lezokwelapha.

Opulasitiki bezokwelapha e-United States bavamise ukuphasisa isitifiketi se-FDA kanye nokutholwa kwebhayoloji kwe-USPVI, futhi amapulasitiki ebanga lezokwelapha e-China ngokuvamile ahlolwe yi-Shandong Medical device Testing Center.Njengamanje, kusekhona inani elikhulu lezinto zepulasitiki zezokwelapha ezweni ngaphandle komqondo oqinile wesitifiketi se-biosafety, kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwemithethonqubo, lezi zimo zizothuthuka kakhulu.

Ngokuya ngesakhiwo namandla omkhiqizo wedivayisi, sikhetha uhlobo olufanele lwepulasitiki kanye nebanga elilungile, futhi sinqume ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula into.Lezi zakhiwo zihlanganisa ukusebenza kokucubungula, amandla emishini, izindleko zokusebenzisa, indlela yokuhlanganisa, ukuvala inzalo, njll. Izakhiwo zokucubungula kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali zamapulasitiki ezokwelapha amaningana asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ziyethulwa.

Amapulasitiki ezokwelapha ayisikhombisa asetshenziswa kakhulu

1. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

I-PVC ingenye yezinhlobo zepulasitiki ezikhiqiza kakhulu emhlabeni.I-PVC resin iyimpushana emhlophe noma ephuzi ekhanyayo, i-PVC ehlanzekile i-atactic, iqinile futhi i-brittle, ayivamile ukusetshenziswa.Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa okuhlukene, izithasiselo ezahlukene zingangezwa ukwenza izingxenye zepulasitiki ze-PVC zibonise izakhiwo ezihlukene zomzimba nezomshini.Ukwengeza inani elifanele le-plasticizer kunhlaka ye-PVC kungenza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene eqinile, ethambile futhi esobala.

I-PVC eqinile ayiqukethe noma iqukethe inani elincane le-plasticizer, inokuqina okuhle, ukugoba, ukucindezela kanye nokumelana nomthelela, ingasetshenziswa njengento yesakhiwo yodwa.I-PVC ethambile iqukethe ama-plasticizers amaningi, futhi ukuthamba kwayo, ukuphakama kwayo ngesikhathi sekhefu kanye nokumelana nokubanda kuyakhuphuka, kepha ukuqina, ubulukhuni namandla aqinile kuyancishiswa.Ukuminyana kwe-PVC emsulwa ngu-1.4g/cm3, kanti ukuminyana kwezingxenye zepulasitiki ze-PVC ezinama-plasticizer nama-filler ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-1.15 ~ 2.00g/cm3.

Ngokwezilinganiso zemakethe, cishe ama-25% emikhiqizo yepulasitiki yezokwelapha i-PVC.Lokhu kungenxa yezindleko eziphansi ze-resin, ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwayo kalula.Imikhiqizo ye-PVC yezicelo zezokwelapha yilezi: amapayipi we-hemodialysis, imaski yokuphefumula, amashubhu oksijini nokunye.

2. I-Polyethylene (PE, I-Polyethylene)

Ipulasitiki ye-Polyethylene iyinhlobonhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke embonini yepulasitiki, i-milky, ayinambitheki, engenaphunga kanye nezinhlayiya ze-waxy ezicwebezelayo ezingenabuthi.Ibonakala ngamanani ashibhile, ukusebenza kahle, ingasetshenziswa kabanzi embonini, ezolimo, emaphaketheni nasembonini yansuku zonke, futhi ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile embonini yepulasitiki.

I-PE ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-polyethylene ephansi (i-LDPE), i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) kanye ne-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHDPE) nezinye izinhlobo.I-HDPE inamaketanga amagatsha ambalwa ochungechungeni lwe-polymer, isisindo samangqamuzana esiphezulu esihlobene, ukucwebezela nokuminyana, ubulukhuni namandla amakhulu, ukungafihli kahle, indawo yokuncibilika ephezulu, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zomjovo.I-LDPE inamaketanga amaningi egatsha, ngakho-ke isisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene sincane, icrystallinity kanye nokuminyana kuphansi, kunokuthamba okungcono, ukumelana komthelela nokucaca, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqhuma ifilimu, okwamanje isetshenziswa kabanzi esikhundleni se-PVC.Izinto ze-HDPE ne-LDPE nazo zingaxutshwa ngokuya ngezidingo zokusebenza.I-UHDPE inamandla omthelela aphezulu, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi nezici ezinhle zokumunca amandla, okuyenza ibe impahla ekahle yezixhumi ze-hip yokwenziwa, idolo namahlombe.

3. i-polypropylene (PP, i-polypropylene)

I-Polypropylene ayinambala, ayinaphunga futhi ayinabuthi.Ibukeka njenge-polyethylene, kodwa isobala futhi ilula kune-polyethylene.I-PP iyi-thermoplastic enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, enamandla adonsela phansi akhethekile (0.9g/cm3), angenabo ubuthi, kulula ukusetshenzwa, ukumelana nomthelela, i-anti-deflection nezinye izinzuzo.Inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, okuhlanganisa izikhwama ezilukiweyo, amafilimu, amabhokisi enzuzo, izinto zokuvikela izintambo, amathoyizi, amabhampa emoto, imicu, imishini yokuwasha nokunye.

I-Medical PP inokucaca okuphezulu, isithiyo esihle kanye nokumelana nemisebe, ukuze ibe nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza embonini yemishini yezokwelapha kanye nokupakisha.Izinto ezingezona ze-PVC ezine-PP njengendikimba eyinhloko okwamanje zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinye izinto ze-PVC.

4. I-Polystyrene (PS) ne-K resin

I-PS iwuhlobo lwepulasitiki lwesithathu ngobukhulu ngemuva kwe-polyvinyl chloride ne-polyethylene, evame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye eyodwa yokucubungula nokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki, izici eziyinhloko ziyisisindo esilula, esisobala, kulula ukudaya, ukusebenza kokubumba kuhle, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswe kabanzi kumapulasitiki nsuku zonke. , izingxenye zikagesi, amathuluzi okubona kanye nezimpahla zamasiko nezemfundo.Ukuthungwa kwayo kuqinile futhi ku-brittle, futhi ine-coefficient ephezulu yokwandisa okushisayo, okukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezobunjiniyela.Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, i-polystyrene eguquliwe kanye ne-styrene-based copolymers iye yathuthukiswa ukunqoba ukushiyeka kwe-polystyrene ngezinga elithile.I-K resin ingenye yazo.

I-K resin yenziwe nge-styrene ne-butadiene copolymerization, iyi-polymer e-amorphous, esobala, ayinambitheki, ayinabuthi, ukuminyana kwe-1.01g/cm3 (ngaphansi kwe-PS, AS), ukumelana nomthelela ophezulu kune-PS, obala (80 ~ 90% ) kuhle, izinga lokushisa elishisayo lokuguquguquka kwe-77℃, Inani le-butadiene eliqukethwe ku-K impahla, ubulukhuni bayo buhlukile, ngenxa ye-fluidity enhle yezinto ze-K, ububanzi bokushisa bokucubungula bubanzi, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwayo kuhle.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kuhlanganisa izinkomishi, ama-LIDS, amabhodlela, ukupakishwa kwezimonyo, ama-hangers, amathoyizi, imikhiqizo ye-PVC esikhundleni sezinto ezibonakalayo, ukupakisha ukudla kanye nempahla yokupakisha yezokwelapha.

5. ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers

I-ABS inokuqina okuthile, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nomthelela kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana nemisebe kanye nokumelana ne-ethylene oxide disinfection.

I-ABS ohlelweni lwezokwelapha isetshenziswa kakhulu njengamathuluzi okuhlinza, iziqeshana zezigubhu, izinaliti zepulasitiki, amabhokisi amathuluzi, izinto zokuxilonga kanye nezindlu zosizo lokuzwa, ikakhulukazi izindlu ezinkulu zemishini yezokwelapha.

6. I-Polycarbonate (i-PC, i-Polycarbonate)

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-PCS ukuqina, amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokuvala inzalo ukumelana nokushisa, okwenza i-PCS ikhethwe njengezihlungi ze-hemodialysis, izibambo zamathuluzi okuhlinza, namathangi omoya-mpilo (uma isetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni inhliziyo, leli thuluzi lingasusa isikhutha igazi futhi andise oxygen);

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-PC kwezokwelapha zifaka amasistimu womjovo ongenazinaliti, amathuluzi okufaka amanzi, izitsha ze-centrifuge zegazi, namapiston.Isebenzisa ukubonakala kwayo okuphezulu, izibuko ezijwayelekile ze-myopia zenziwe nge-PC.

7. I-PTFE (Polytetrafluoro ethylene)

I-Polytetrafluoroethylene resin iyimpushana emhlophe, ukubukeka kwe-waxy, okubushelelezi futhi okungeyona intonga, iyipulasitiki ebaluleke kakhulu.I-PTFE inezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezingenakuqhathaniswa ne-thermoplastics evamile, ngakho-ke yaziwa ngokuthi "inkosi yepulasitiki".I-coefficient yayo ye-friction iphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamapulasitiki, inokuvumelana okuhle kwe-biocompatibility, futhi ingenziwa ibe imithambo yegazi yokwenziwa kanye namanye amathuluzi afakwe ngokuqondile.